Improved callogenesis and somatic embryogenesis using amino acids and plant growth regulators combination in pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) merr. (Bromeliaceae)]

The pineapple (Smooth Cayenne) in Côte d'Ivoire is subject to many production problems whose causes are mainly of agronomic order. The revitalization of this sector requires that the smooth Cayenne be cleaned and improved. Biotechnology through its various methods has been used as a working tool. Among them, callogenesis and somatic embryogenesis were adopted in the present study. The calli induction and proliferation as well as somatic embryos formation were evaluated on the basal medium of Murashige and Skoog (MS) supplemented with Gamborg vitamins (vitamins B5), 30 g/l of sucrose and solidified with 6 g/l of agar. This medium was supplemented with the polyamines glycine, glutamine and casein hydrolyzate, alone or in combination with different concentrations of growth regulators such as picloram (PIC), acid 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D), kinetin (KIN) and benzylaminopurine (BAP). The results revealed that the medium MIC7BAP (3.0 mg/l picloram, 2.0 mg/l glycine, 1,000 mg/l glutamine and 0.05 mg/l BAP) was the best for callus induction while the medium MIE1 (MIE, 3.0 mg/l picloram, 2.0 mg/l glycine, 1,000 mg/l glutamine and 100 mg/l casein hydrolyzate in combination with 0.05 mg/l BAP) media was identified as the most embryogenic cells induction medium (77 cells). Callogenesis and embryogenesis in smooth Cayenne were favored by the combination of amino acids in presence of growth regulators.